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Is even the framing of this question right? I can’t claim that I have read many scriptures but those who have studied claim that as per scriptures Varan is always based on the profession you adopt and there is no barrier to move from one Varan to another Varan. Also same expert says that Caste is a foreign word and there is no equivalent word in our scriptures.

The right question should be “ what are the argument and counter argument on birth based caste” 

When we discussed caste/varan, it should be always in terms of social practice than what is written in scriptures. Out scriptures says one thing but social practice are way different. 

Since all the scriptures are written by Brahman Varan, this profession is most revered. Not much bad said about Kshatriyas but Vaish and Sudra professional are looked down very badly. Just giving one Sloka from Bhagwat Gita 

मां हि पार्थ व्यपाश्रित्य येऽपि स्युः पापयोनयः।

स्त्रियो वैश्यास्तथा शूद्रास्तेऽपि यान्ति परां गतिम्।।9.32।।

हे पृथानन्दन जो भी पापयोनिवाले हों तथा जो भी स्त्रियाँ? वैश्य और शूद्र हों? वे भी सर्वथा मेरे शरण होकर निःसन्देह परमगतिको प्राप्त हो जाते हैं।

Women, Vaisyas and Sudras, and even those who are of sinful birth, can attain the supreme state by taking refuge in Me.

How demeaning it is for Vaisa and Sudra Varan? Why? Those 2 Varan are equated with those who are of sinful birth.